Everyone is looking for a quick and simple way to keep their poultry watered. Many folks have the talent and skills to make a waterer / drinker. Perks? A lot less wet litter inside your coop if your waterer is kept inside. All you'll need for installing the watering nipple is an 11/32 drill bit. The nipple assembly screws right into your container with the help of the black installation bit. Drill a hole one inch up from the bottom of the container. Screw in the threaded chicken nipple so that when you are finished the nipple cup is at the bottom. Many other nipples retain water inside of them. Nipples that retain water are more likely to freeze in winter months. If you keep your water warm then it should be able to flow even in freezing temps. Notice how this bucket can be sitting directly on the ground for refilling and cleaning? What other nipple waterer/drinker allows you to do that? We suggest one nipple per every 4 chickens. Placing the container up on cinder blocks or homemade stands will get it to a perfect height. No stand needed for chicks. For chickens 2 weeks of age and older. For PVC pipes and pressurized systems, we recommend a pressure regulator.